All abstracts must be submitted using the official Microsoft Word template.

Abstract Template (SAGE2026)

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1. General Formatting
• File Format: Submit as a .doc or .docx file using the provided template.
• Word Limit: The abstract body must not exceed 350 words.
• Content: The abstract should summarize the main content of the work.
• References: Do not include references in the abstract.

2. Style Specifications
Please ensure your text adheres to the following styles defined in the template:
• Title: Times New Roman, Size 14, Bold.
• Authors: Times New Roman, Size 12. (Presenting Author listed first).
• Affiliations: Times New Roman, Size 11, Italic.
• Abstract Text: Times New Roman, Size 11, with 1.5 line spacing.
• Keywords: Include a maximum of 5 keywords.

Graphical Abstract (Optional)
Authors may optionally include a graphical abstract or related figure to provide a visual summary of main findings. If you choose to include one, you must follow both steps below:
1. Embed in Document: Insert the image directly into your Word document submission with a brief caption (Max. 5 words, Times New Roman, Size 11).
2. Submit Separately: You must also upload the image as a separate, high-resolution file.
     • Resolution Requirement: 300 dpi.
     • Format: High-quality JPEG, PNG, or TIFF.